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Statistics - Bài tập trắc nghiệm

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UNIT 26 EDITION

Statistics

Statistical terms · Probability problems · Analyzing data sets
💡 Pro Tip: Di chuột (hover) vào các từ in đậm màu cam trong phần lý thuyết để xem định nghĩa chi tiết.
A. Basic statistical terms

A normal distribution of data means that most of the examples in a set of data are close to the average, while relatively few examples tend to one extreme or the other . Normally distributed data shown on a chart will typically show a bell curve .

 

It will often be necessary to work out the extent to which individuals deviate from the norm and to calculate the figure that represent standard deviation .

  • Six children are 7, 8, 8, 8, 11 and 12 years old .
  • Their average age is 9 years old (the sum of their ages divided by six) .
  • The mode (the most frequent value) is 8 .
  • The median is 9.5 (the halfway point between the two extremes of the range) .
Statisticians are often concerned with working out correlation — the extent to which, say, left-handedness correlates with intelligence . They must ensure that any data they collect is valid, i.e. that it is measuring what it claims to measure - all the subjects in the sample must be appropriately and accurately assessed . The figures must also be reliable, i.e. they would be consistent if the measurements were repeated . Usually, statisticians hope that their calculations will show/indicate a tendency, e.g that left-handed people will be shown to be significantly more intelligent than right-handed people .
B. A probability problem
Sue picks a card at random from an ordinary pack of 52 cards . If the card is a king, she stops . If not, she continues to pick cards at random, without replacing them, until either a king is picked or six cards have been picked . The random variable, C, is the total number of cards picked . Construct a diagram to illustrate the possible outcome of the experiment, and use it to calculate the probability distribution of C .
C. Other useful nouns for talking about statistics
  • In a class of 8 women and 4 men, what proportion are male? Answer: one third .
  • In the same class what is the female to male ratio? Answer: 2:1 .
  • The figures show a trend towards healthier eating habits .
  • The study investigates the increase in the volume of traffic on the roads .
❌ Common Mistake Warning: We say 10 percent (NOT the 10 per cent or 10 percentage) of students got an A for their exam but the percentage of students achieving an A has increased .
Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm
Điền từ
Câu 1 The six subjects who took the test scored 24, 22, 16, 16, 16, and 14 points out of 30. The ______ was 16.
Câu 2 The ______ score was 19 and the ______ score was 18.
Câu 3 The ______ score was 18.
Câu 4 The ______ of all donations to the charity in 2003 was $3,938.
Câu 5 Most were around the ______ point of $60.
Câu 6 Each questionnaire item asked respondents to choose one of a ______ of six options, with the two ______ being 'very dissatisfied indeed' and 'completely satisfied'.
Câu 7 with the two ______ being 'very dissatisfied indeed' and 'completely satisfied'.
Câu 8 Life insurance companies base their calculations on the laws of (1) ______, that is they assess the likely
Câu 9 they assess the likely (2) ______ given the different
Câu 10 given the different (3) ______ such as age, sex, lifestyle and medical history of their clients.
Câu 11 The premiums are therefore not chosen at (4) ______ but are carefully calculated.
Câu 12 The (5) ______ of ages at which death occurs and causes of death are studied
Câu 13 to see if they (6) ______ with other factors to be taken into account in setting the premiums.
Câu 14 Naturally, the companies also monitor social (7) ______ and react to any changes
Câu 15 which might (8) ______ affect mortality rates.
Câu 16 There are 12 male students and 6 female students in the class. What is the ratio of males to females? ➔ Ratio: ______
🔗 Nối từng mục ở Cột A với lựa chọn phù hợp ở Cột B:
Câu 17 And what proportion of the class is male? ➔ Proportion: ______
Câu 18 If I am collecting data on course choices among second-year undergraduates and my sample is too small, what exactly do I need to do?
Câu 19 If my data show that students have a tendency to choose the type of clothing their friends choose, does it mean that they always, often or rarely choose similar clothes?
Câu 20 If I repeat the same experiment three times and the results are not consistent, is my method reliable?
Câu 21 If 20 out of 200 students fail an exam, what proportion, in percentage terms, failed?
🔗 Nối từng mục ở Cột A với lựa chọn phù hợp ở Cột B:
Câu 22 If the average score in a test is 56, and Barbara scores 38, by how many points has she deviated from the norm?
🔗 Nối từng mục ở Cột A với lựa chọn phù hợp ở Cột B:
Câu 23 If the volume of court cases increases, what changes: the type of case, the size of each case or the total number of cases?
Câu 24 What does standard deviation tell us? (a) What the standard of something is, (b) what the noun is, or (c) what the average difference from the norm is?
Câu 25 If a general survey of teenage eating habits asks questions about what teenagers wear for breakfast and lunch, is the survey likely to be valid?
Câu 26 Are the scores normally distributed? ➔ Distributed normally? ______
Câu 27 What is the shape of the graph called? ➔ Shape: ______
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