Facts, evidence and data - Bài tập trắc nghiệm
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TRI DUC ENGLISH ✦ ACADEMIC EDGE
UNIT 24 EDITION
Facts, evidence and data
Countable/Uncountable usage · Academic collocations · Providing examples
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A. Countable or uncountable nouns
Fact is a countable noun and evidence is uncountable - you can refer to one piece of evidence or to the body of evidence [large amount of evidence].
Some people consider data as a plural noun - these data show an unexpected trend - while others consider it as uncountable - this data differs from last year's. This is a particularly interesting piece / item of data. The tendency is increasingly to use data as an uncountable noun but you will see both forms.
B. Words often used with facts, evidence and data
Researchers try to establish the facts. They hope that the facts will bear out or support their hypothesis. Most carefully check their facts before presenting them to others although there are, of course, dishonest people prepared to distort the facts. Facts can be interesting, relevant, undeniable or little-known.
Notice how fact is also often used in sentences like the following:
• It is hard to account for the fact that share prices rose over this period.
• The problem stems from the fact that there is a basic conflict of interests.
• The lecturer drew attention to the fact that the economy was starting to improve.
• It is hard to account for the fact that share prices rose over this period.
• The problem stems from the fact that there is a basic conflict of interests.
• The lecturer drew attention to the fact that the economy was starting to improve.
Researchers may look for, collect, examine and consider evidence. The evidence they collect may point to or suggest a conclusion. If the evidence is growing or widespread it may serve to support a theory. They are less happy if the evidence is flimsy or conflicting. They are pleased if new evidence comes to light or emerges and if they find abundant evidence. They may talk about finding hard evidence.
| The data is | reliable | You | obtain | data. | Data | suggests | something. |
| comprehensive | organise | reflects | |||||
| accurate | analyse | indicates | |||||
| empirical | interpret / record | shows / demonstrates |
C. Giving examples
You often need to give or provide an example to illustrate the facts you're presenting. A good example can be described as striking, clear, vivid, illuminating or telling.
Sometimes, particularly in written English, the word instance is used as an alternative to example. There is a striking instance of the author's use of metaphor in the final poem. We shall now analyse one specific instance of this problem.
Sometimes, particularly in written English, the word instance is used as an alternative to example. There is a striking instance of the author's use of metaphor in the final poem. We shall now analyse one specific instance of this problem.
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